Indigenous Brazil Violated

Challenges and risks faced by indigenous peoples in today’s Brazil

Overview

This project partnership between Cardiff University and LAB, funded by the Arts & Humanities Research Council, completed its work in 2021.

Lead researchers were: Antonio Ioris, Reader in human geography at the School of Geography and Planning, Cardiff University; Dr. Vitale Joanoni Neto (co-investigator) associated professor at the Department of History at the Federal University of Mato Grosso; and Dr. Pedro Rapozo, a lecturer at  Amazonas State University and Coordinator of the Amazon Social-Environmental Studies Center. The LAB team comprised Sue Branford, Tom Gatehouse & Mike Gatehouse.

The projects objectives were:

  1. Examine violence trends, discursive exchanges and the rationalisation of aggression associated with genocidal, epistemicidal and ecocidal practices.
  2. Explore perceptions, experiences and attitudes of indigenous communities towards resisting violence and reacting to mounting pressures and risks.
  3. Develop new theorisations of the interconnected processes of genocide, epistemicide and ecocide that can inform the pursuit of inclusive development and democratic policy reforms.

Three phases were planned:

  1. Media analysis of pro- and anti-indigenous discourses, launch of a website to capture violence occurrences and elite interviews;
  2. Case studies in three hotspot areas in the states of Amazonas, Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, targeting selected indigenous communities, involving indigenous researchers and making use of participant observation, interviews and focus groups, and in particular various artistic expressions (music, dance, drawings, drama, videos and pictures, etc.) that communicate suffering, the impacts and the perceptions of community members;
  3. Workshops, a national meeting and talks to communicate and problematize the empirical results and raise recommendations.

However, the Covid pandemic made completion of phases 2 and 3 impossible. In partial compensation a sub-project collected a large number of articles and testimonies about the impact of Covid-19 on indigenous communities. Many of these can be found here.

The main research outputs were the two Media Analysis studies:

  1. This study searched the archives of leading Brazilian national print newspapers for the period January 2016 to May 2020. The report can be downloaded here.
  2. The second, a pilot study, examined the use of social media by indigenous organisations during the same period. The Facebook posts of six indigenous organisations were examined, using the same criteria as for the print media analysis. The report can be downloaded here.

Some articles based on the study are listed below. Click on the links to find LAB articles about Indigenous Peoples, the Amazon, Brazil, etc., or by using the filters on LAB’s News page.

For more information about the project, please contact Antonio Ioris (iorisa@cardiff.ac.uk)

Articles relating to the project

NEW LAB PUBLICATION (October 2024)

Many of the themes of the project are included in LAB’s book The Amazon in Times of War by Marcos Colón. You can order copies here.

Other articles about Indigenous Peoples

Brazil: The living dead

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A Facebook advert for an Amazon farm led Subsolo journalist Ruan Martins to Ivanildo Canuto Soares, a convicted murderer with a history of drug trafficking who faked his own death. Mining records showed gold sales attributed to a permit area where satellite images revealed no visible signs of extraction. Martins follows the buyers and refiners into the supply chains reported by major international companies.

Brazil: The Amazon for sale online

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Subsolo journalist Ruan Martins spent six months tracking online adverts offering millions of hectares of forest in Brazil’s Amazon. He spoke to more than 100 brokers and checked property maps, identifying listings that overlapped Indigenous territories and protected areas, including Tenharim land. At the time of publication, Facebook was still hosting the kind of advert it had promised to block in 2021.

Decolonizing art – Unmaking to Make

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The editors hope that the collection of essays Unmaking to Make will be ‘a starting point and place of encounter’ for artistic responses to colonial legacy. Reviewer Harriet Gilbert Savage says, 'I hope that it elicits responses of agreement and resistance that are both practical and creative. I hope that they are unique and diverse and abundant.'

Honduras: Garifuna denounce crimes against humanity

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In July 2026, Honduran police evicted the Garifuna community of San Juan, Tela, from land protected by rulings of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It was the first eviction under a new law promoting agribusiness.

Honduras: new decree weakens Indigenous rights

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A new law of June 2026, known as the AgroIndustrial Decree, threatens Indigenous people, especially the Garifuna. Tourism, extractive industries and various forms of intensive agriculture will be given special protection, while the rights of local communities and Indigenous peoples can be ignored or set aside. Garifuna communities in San Andres and at Cayos Cochinos are already feeling the effects and are determined to defend their rights and their land.

Can the Rights of Nature protect Indigenous territories in Latin America?

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Join us to discuss the Rights of Nature in Latin America with Jan Schulz, author of LAB's new book 'Disputed Territories', and "Barrister for...